Arquitetura software

DevOps e CI/CD

DevOps e a pratica de unir desenvolvimento e operacoes para entregar software de forma rapida, confiavel e continua. Este guia cobre as principais ferramentas e praticas.

Infrastructure as Code (IaC)

Terraform

Ferramenta de IaC mais popular para provisionar infraestrutura em multiplos provedores.

# main.tf
terraform {
  required_providers {
    aws = {
      source  = "hashicorp/aws"
      version = "~> 5.0"
    }
  }

  backend "s3" {
    bucket = "meu-terraform-state"
    key    = "prod/terraform.tfstate"
    region = "us-east-1"
  }
}

provider "aws" {
  region = var.aws_region
}

# VPC
resource "aws_vpc" "main" {
  cidr_block           = "10.0.0.0/16"
  enable_dns_hostnames = true

  tags = {
    Name        = "main-vpc"
    Environment = var.environment
  }
}

# EKS Cluster
module "eks" {
  source  = "terraform-aws-modules/eks/aws"
  version = "~> 19.0"

  cluster_name    = "meu-cluster"
  cluster_version = "1.28"

  vpc_id     = aws_vpc.main.id
  subnet_ids = module.vpc.private_subnets

  eks_managed_node_groups = {
    default = {
      min_size     = 2
      max_size     = 10
      desired_size = 3

      instance_types = ["t3.medium"]
    }
  }
}

# Comandos basicos
terraform init      # Inicializa providers
terraform plan      # Preview das mudancas
terraform apply     # Aplica mudancas
terraform destroy   # Remove recursos

Ansible

Automacao de configuracao e deploy.

# playbook.yml
---
- name: Configure web servers
  hosts: webservers
  become: yes

  vars:
    app_version: "1.2.3"

  tasks:
    - name: Update apt cache
      apt:
        update_cache: yes
        cache_valid_time: 3600

    - name: Install Docker
      apt:
        name:
          - docker.io
          - docker-compose
        state: present

    - name: Start Docker service
      service:
        name: docker
        state: started
        enabled: yes

    - name: Deploy application
      docker_container:
        name: myapp
        image: "myrepo/myapp:{{ app_version }}"
        state: started
        restart_policy: always
        ports:
          - "80:8080"
        env:
          DATABASE_URL: "{{ database_url }}"

CI/CD Pipelines

GitHub Actions

# .github/workflows/ci.yml
name: CI/CD Pipeline

on:
  push:
    branches: [main, develop]
  pull_request:
    branches: [main]

env:
  REGISTRY: ghcr.io
  IMAGE_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Setup Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: '20'
          cache: 'pnpm'

      - name: Install dependencies
        run: pnpm install

      - name: Run tests
        run: pnpm test

      - name: Run linter
        run: pnpm lint

  build:
    needs: test
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    permissions:
      contents: read
      packages: write

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Login to Container Registry
        uses: docker/login-action@v3
        with:
          registry: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}
          username: ${{ github.actor }}
          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

      - name: Build and push
        uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
        with:
          context: .
          push: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
          tags: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}:${{ github.sha }}

  deploy:
    needs: build
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'

    steps:
      - name: Deploy to Kubernetes
        uses: azure/k8s-deploy@v4
        with:
          namespace: production
          manifests: |
            k8s/deployment.yaml
            k8s/service.yaml
          images: |
            ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}:${{ github.sha }}

Azure Pipelines

# azure-pipelines.yml
trigger:
  branches:
    include:
      - main
      - develop

pool:
  vmImage: 'ubuntu-latest'

variables:
  dockerRegistry: 'myregistry.azurecr.io'
  imageName: 'myapp'

stages:
  - stage: Build
    jobs:
      - job: BuildAndTest
        steps:
          - task: NodeTool@0
            inputs:
              versionSpec: '20.x'

          - script: |
              npm ci
              npm test
              npm run build
            displayName: 'Build and Test'

          - task: Docker@2
            inputs:
              containerRegistry: 'AzureContainerRegistry'
              repository: '$(imageName)'
              command: 'buildAndPush'
              Dockerfile: '**/Dockerfile'
              tags: |
                $(Build.BuildId)
                latest

  - stage: Deploy
    condition: eq(variables['Build.SourceBranch'], 'refs/heads/main')
    jobs:
      - deployment: DeployToAKS
        environment: 'production'
        strategy:
          runOnce:
            deploy:
              steps:
                - task: KubernetesManifest@0
                  inputs:
                    action: 'deploy'
                    kubernetesServiceConnection: 'AKS-Connection'
                    namespace: 'production'
                    manifests: 'k8s/*.yaml'

Jenkins Pipeline

// Jenkinsfile
pipeline {
    agent any

    environment {
        DOCKER_REGISTRY = 'myregistry.com'
        IMAGE_NAME = 'myapp'
    }

    stages {
        stage('Checkout') {
            steps {
                checkout scm
            }
        }

        stage('Test') {
            steps {
                sh 'npm ci'
                sh 'npm test'
            }
        }

        stage('Build') {
            steps {
                script {
                    docker.build("${DOCKER_REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_NAME}:${BUILD_NUMBER}")
                }
            }
        }

        stage('Push') {
            when {
                branch 'main'
            }
            steps {
                script {
                    docker.withRegistry("https://${DOCKER_REGISTRY}", 'docker-credentials') {
                        docker.image("${DOCKER_REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_NAME}:${BUILD_NUMBER}").push()
                        docker.image("${DOCKER_REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_NAME}:${BUILD_NUMBER}").push('latest')
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        stage('Deploy') {
            when {
                branch 'main'
            }
            steps {
                sh """
                    kubectl set image deployment/myapp \
                        myapp=${DOCKER_REGISTRY}/${IMAGE_NAME}:${BUILD_NUMBER} \
                        --namespace=production
                """
            }
        }
    }

    post {
        always {
            cleanWs()
        }
        failure {
            slackSend(channel: '#devops', message: "Build failed: ${env.JOB_NAME} ${env.BUILD_NUMBER}")
        }
    }
}

Container Registry

Tipos

Registry	Tipo	Caracteristica
Docker Hub	Public/Private	Mais popular
GitHub Container Registry	Private	Integrado ao GitHub
Amazon ECR	Private	Integrado a AWS
Google Artifact Registry	Private	Integrado ao GCP
Azure Container Registry	Private	Integrado ao Azure
Harbor	Self-hosted	Enterprise, scanning

Dockerfile Multi-stage

# Build stage
FROM node:20-alpine AS builder

WORKDIR /app
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci
COPY . .
RUN npm run build

# Production stage
FROM node:20-alpine AS runner

WORKDIR /app

ENV NODE_ENV=production

RUN addgroup --system --gid 1001 nodejs
RUN adduser --system --uid 1001 nextjs

COPY --from=builder --chown=nextjs:nodejs /app/.next/standalone ./
COPY --from=builder --chown=nextjs:nodejs /app/.next/static ./.next/static
COPY --from=builder --chown=nextjs:nodejs /app/public ./public

USER nextjs

EXPOSE 3000

CMD ["node", "server.js"]

GitOps

ArgoCD

# application.yaml
apiVersion: argoproj.io/v1alpha1
kind: Application
metadata:
  name: myapp
  namespace: argocd
spec:
  project: default

  source:
    repoURL: https://github.com/org/myapp-manifests
    targetRevision: HEAD
    path: overlays/production

  destination:
    server: https://kubernetes.default.svc
    namespace: production

  syncPolicy:
    automated:
      prune: true
      selfHeal: true
    syncOptions:
      - CreateNamespace=true

Flux

# flux-system/gotk-sync.yaml
apiVersion: source.toolkit.fluxcd.io/v1
kind: GitRepository
metadata:
  name: flux-system
  namespace: flux-system
spec:
  interval: 1m
  url: https://github.com/org/fleet-infra
  ref:
    branch: main
---
apiVersion: kustomize.toolkit.fluxcd.io/v1
kind: Kustomization
metadata:
  name: flux-system
  namespace: flux-system
spec:
  interval: 10m
  path: ./clusters/production
  prune: true
  sourceRef:
    kind: GitRepository
    name: flux-system

Secrets Management

HashiCorp Vault

# Iniciar servidor dev
vault server -dev

# Armazenar secret
vault kv put secret/myapp/database \
    username="admin" \
    password="super-secret"

# Ler secret
vault kv get secret/myapp/database

External Secrets Operator (Kubernetes)

apiVersion: external-secrets.io/v1beta1
kind: ExternalSecret
metadata:
  name: myapp-secrets
spec:
  refreshInterval: 1h
  secretStoreRef:
    kind: ClusterSecretStore
    name: vault-backend
  target:
    name: myapp-secrets
  data:
    - secretKey: database-password
      remoteRef:
        key: secret/myapp/database
        property: password

Estrategias de Deploy

Blue-Green

# service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: myapp
spec:
  selector:
    app: myapp
    version: blue  # Trocar para 'green' no deploy
  ports:
    - port: 80
      targetPort: 8080

Canary (Argo Rollouts)

apiVersion: argoproj.io/v1alpha1
kind: Rollout
metadata:
  name: myapp
spec:
  replicas: 10
  strategy:
    canary:
      steps:
        - setWeight: 10
        - pause: {duration: 5m}
        - setWeight: 30
        - pause: {duration: 5m}
        - setWeight: 60
        - pause: {duration: 5m}
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: myapp
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: myapp
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: myapp
          image: myapp:v2

Recursos

Ecossistema Kubernetes

Observabilidade

DevOps e CI/CD

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